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1 continuous diameter
Engineering: CDMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > continuous diameter
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2 микрокаротажный пластовый инклинометр непрерывного действия
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > микрокаротажный пластовый инклинометр непрерывного действия
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3 наклономер непрерывного действия
1) Engineering: continuous diameter2) Oil: CDM (continuous dipmeter), continuous dipmeterУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > наклономер непрерывного действия
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4 микрокаротажный пластовый инклинометр непрерывного действия
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > микрокаротажный пластовый инклинометр непрерывного действия
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5 Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
SUBJECT AREA: Civil engineering, Land transport, Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Ports and shipping, Public utilities, Railways and locomotives[br]b. 9 April 1806 Portsea, Hampshire, Englandd. 15 September 1859 18 Duke Street, St James's, London, England[br]English civil and mechanical engineer.[br]The son of Marc Isambard Brunel and Sophia Kingdom, he was educated at a private boarding-school in Hove. At the age of 14 he went to the College of Caen and then to the Lycée Henri-Quatre in Paris, after which he was apprenticed to Louis Breguet. In 1822 he returned from France and started working in his father's office, while spending much of his time at the works of Maudslay, Sons \& Field.From 1825 to 1828 he worked under his father on the construction of the latter's Thames Tunnel, occupying the position of Engineer-in-Charge, exhibiting great courage and presence of mind in the emergencies which occurred not infrequently. These culminated in January 1828 in the flooding of the tunnel and work was suspended for seven years. For the next five years the young engineer made abortive attempts to find a suitable outlet for his talents, but to little avail. Eventually, in 1831, his design for a suspension bridge over the River Avon at Clifton Gorge was accepted and he was appointed Engineer. (The bridge was eventually finished five years after Brunel's death, as a memorial to him, the delay being due to inadequate financing.) He next planned and supervised improvements to the Bristol docks. In March 1833 he was appointed Engineer of the Bristol Railway, later called the Great Western Railway. He immediately started to survey the route between London and Bristol that was completed by late August that year. On 5 July 1836 he married Mary Horsley and settled into 18 Duke Street, Westminster, London, where he also had his office. Work on the Bristol Railway started in 1836. The foundation stone of the Clifton Suspension Bridge was laid the same year. Whereas George Stephenson had based his standard railway gauge as 4 ft 8½ in (1.44 m), that or a similar gauge being usual for colliery wagonways in the Newcastle area, Brunel adopted the broader gauge of 7 ft (2.13 m). The first stretch of the line, from Paddington to Maidenhead, was opened to traffic on 4 June 1838, and the whole line from London to Bristol was opened in June 1841. The continuation of the line through to Exeter was completed and opened on 1 May 1844. The normal time for the 194-mile (312 km) run from Paddington to Exeter was 5 hours, at an average speed of 38.8 mph (62.4 km/h) including stops. The Great Western line included the Box Tunnel, the longest tunnel to that date at nearly two miles (3.2 km).Brunel was the engineer of most of the railways in the West Country, in South Wales and much of Southern Ireland. As railway networks developed, the frequent break of gauge became more of a problem and on 9 July 1845 a Royal Commission was appointed to look into it. In spite of comparative tests, run between Paddington-Didcot and Darlington-York, which showed in favour of Brunel's arrangement, the enquiry ruled in favour of the narrow gauge, 274 miles (441 km) of the former having been built against 1,901 miles (3,059 km) of the latter to that date. The Gauge Act of 1846 forbade the building of any further railways in Britain to any gauge other than 4 ft 8 1/2 in (1.44 m).The existence of long and severe gradients on the South Devon Railway led to Brunel's adoption of the atmospheric railway developed by Samuel Clegg and later by the Samuda brothers. In this a pipe of 9 in. (23 cm) or more in diameter was laid between the rails, along the top of which ran a continuous hinged flap of leather backed with iron. At intervals of about 3 miles (4.8 km) were pumping stations to exhaust the pipe. Much trouble was experienced with the flap valve and its lubrication—freezing of the leather in winter, the lubricant being sucked into the pipe or eaten by rats at other times—and the experiment was abandoned at considerable cost.Brunel is to be remembered for his two great West Country tubular bridges, the Chepstow and the Tamar Bridge at Saltash, with the latter opened in May 1859, having two main spans of 465 ft (142 m) and a central pier extending 80 ft (24 m) below high water mark and allowing 100 ft (30 m) of headroom above the same. His timber viaducts throughout Devon and Cornwall became a feature of the landscape. The line was extended ultimately to Penzance.As early as 1835 Brunel had the idea of extending the line westwards across the Atlantic from Bristol to New York by means of a steamship. In 1836 building commenced and the hull left Bristol in July 1837 for fitting out at Wapping. On 31 March 1838 the ship left again for Bristol but the boiler lagging caught fire and Brunel was injured in the subsequent confusion. On 8 April the ship set sail for New York (under steam), its rival, the 703-ton Sirius, having left four days earlier. The 1,340-ton Great Western arrived only a few hours after the Sirius. The hull was of wood, and was copper-sheathed. In 1838 Brunel planned a larger ship, some 3,000 tons, the Great Britain, which was to have an iron hull.The Great Britain was screwdriven and was launched on 19 July 1843,289 ft (88 m) long by 51 ft (15.5 m) at its widest. The ship's first voyage, from Liverpool to New York, began on 26 August 1845. In 1846 it ran aground in Dundrum Bay, County Down, and was later sold for use on the Australian run, on which it sailed no fewer than thirty-two times in twenty-three years, also serving as a troop-ship in the Crimean War. During this war, Brunel designed a 1,000-bed hospital which was shipped out to Renkioi ready for assembly and complete with shower-baths and vapour-baths with printed instructions on how to use them, beds and bedding and water closets with a supply of toilet paper! Brunel's last, largest and most extravagantly conceived ship was the Great Leviathan, eventually named The Great Eastern, which had a double-skinned iron hull, together with both paddles and screw propeller. Brunel designed the ship to carry sufficient coal for the round trip to Australia without refuelling, thus saving the need for and the cost of bunkering, as there were then few bunkering ports throughout the world. The ship's construction was started by John Scott Russell in his yard at Millwall on the Thames, but the building was completed by Brunel due to Russell's bankruptcy in 1856. The hull of the huge vessel was laid down so as to be launched sideways into the river and then to be floated on the tide. Brunel's plan for hydraulic launching gear had been turned down by the directors on the grounds of cost, an economy that proved false in the event. The sideways launch with over 4,000 tons of hydraulic power together with steam winches and floating tugs on the river took over two months, from 3 November 1857 until 13 January 1858. The ship was 680 ft (207 m) long, 83 ft (25 m) beam and 58 ft (18 m) deep; the screw was 24 ft (7.3 m) in diameter and paddles 60 ft (18.3 m) in diameter. Its displacement was 32,000 tons (32,500 tonnes).The strain of overwork and the huge responsibilities that lay on Brunel began to tell. He was diagnosed as suffering from Bright's disease, or nephritis, and spent the winter travelling in the Mediterranean and Egypt, returning to England in May 1859. On 5 September he suffered a stroke which left him partially paralysed, and he died ten days later at his Duke Street home.[br]Further ReadingL.T.C.Rolt, 1957, Isambard Kingdom Brunel, London: Longmans Green. J.Dugan, 1953, The Great Iron Ship, Hamish Hamilton.IMcNBiographical history of technology > Brunel, Isambard Kingdom
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6 Fibreglas
Fibreglas textile fibres are produced by two methods, the continuous filament process and staple fibre process. In each process glass marbles, made from melted and refined raw materials are remelted in small electrical furnaces, each of which has many small holes in the base of the melting chamber, through which the molten glass flows in fine streams by gravity. In the continuous filament process more than 100 filaments are drawn simultaneously and gathered into a thread or strand. The strand is attached to a high-speed winder that, as it draws the strand, attentuates each stream of molten glass to a fraction of the diameter of the hole through which it emerges. In the staple fibre process the streams of molten glass are struck by jets of high-pressure air or steam which attentuate the glass into fibres varying in length from 8-in. to 15-in. These fibres are driven on to a revolving drum on which they form a web, which is gathered from the drum and wound on to a tube in the form of a sliver. Strands of either continuous filament or staple fibres are twisted and plied into yarns on standard textile machinery. Fibreglas yarns are particularly suitable where fire-proofness, resistance to acids or other chemicals other than alkalis is demanded. Uses include electrical yarns, cords, tapes, cloths and sleevings which form the basis for a plain and varnished or impregnated electrical insulation material; chemical filter fabrics, anode bags used in electroplating, wicking for oil lamps and stoves, pump diaphragms, special fabrics for resisting high-temperature fumes and acids, facing materials for insulating or acoustical blankets, also rubber-coated, acid-proof and waterproof fabrics. Decorative uses include draperies, shower curtains, tablecloths, bedspreads, lamp shades and some apparel accessories, such as men's neckties. Also decorative work in architecture, dress fabrics, particularly for fancy effects, non-stretching cord for use in radio indicating dials, bookbinding, fire-screens, etc. -
7 в противоположность
•The helium-neon and argon-ion lasers provided a continuous output of laser light, as opposed to the pulsed output of the metal vapours.
•The metal-oxide-semiconductors technology produces transistors of the unipolar type in contradistinction (or in contrast) to the earlier junction transistors, which are bipolar.
•Contrary to upsetting, extrusion reduces the diameter of...
•Contrary to popular belief, not all mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen are dangerous.
•In contrast to most metals, the conductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature.
* * *В противоположность -- as opposed to; by contrast, by contrast with, in contrast toIntergranular fracture is usually interpreted to denote time-dependent, as opposed to cycle-dependent, failure.By contrast with load capacity, the effect of misalignment is more marked at higher values of y.In most instances nozzles, in contrast to diffusers, are not "designed" but simply "built".Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в противоположность
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8 в противоположность
•The helium-neon and argon-ion lasers provided a continuous output of laser light, as opposed to the pulsed output of the metal vapours.
•The metal-oxide-semiconductors technology produces transistors of the unipolar type in contradistinction (or in contrast) to the earlier junction transistors, which are bipolar.
•Contrary to upsetting, extrusion reduces the diameter of...
•Contrary to popular belief, not all mixtures of hydrogen and oxygen are dangerous.
•In contrast to most metals, the conductivity of semiconductors increases with temperature.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в противоположность
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9 диаметром до
a spider-web or continuous reflecting surface up to 60 m in diameter -
10 поворачивающийся
…a metal parabolic reflector having a spider-web or continuous reflecting surface up to 60 m in diameter, rotated mechanically…Русско-английский словарь по космонавтике > поворачивающийся
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11 сетчатый
…that is produced by a metal parabolic reflector having a spider-web or continuous reflecting surface up to 60 m in diameter… -
12 сплошной
…that is produced by a metal parabolic reflector having a spider-web or continuous reflecting surface up to 60 m in diameter… -
13 Bessonette Bale
A special method of baling raw cotton. The ginned cotton is pressed into a continuous sheet and then wound round a core producing a cylindrical bale of 22-in. diameter and 34-in. or 48-in. long. The weights are 275-lb. and 425-lb. according to length. There are not ties used and the bale is covered with bagging.
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